Biomes are areas
of habitat that includes a broad scale. Here's just
discuss some major biomes are:
1. Deserts and Desert Biomes Half
Desert and semi-desert biomes are found in North America, North Africa, Australia and West Asia.
Characteristics:
1. Rainfall is very low, + 25 cm / year
2. Faster rate of evaporation of water from precipitation
3. Humidity is very low
4. The temperature difference during haridenganmalamharisangattinggi (siangdapat reached 45 C, nights can drop to 0 C)
5. Very barren ground for not being able to save water
Biotic environment:
- Flora: plant is a plant that can grow
adapt to dry areas (plants serofit).
- Fauna: large animals that live in the desert are generally capable of
save water, such as camels, is for small animals
such as lizards, snakes, mice, ants, generally just active life in
morning, the sunlight they live in holes.
2. Grassland Biome
Grassland biome extends from the tropics to temperate regions, such as Hungary, South Russia, Central Asia, South America, Australia.
Characteristics:
1. Rainfall is between 25-50 cm / year, in some areas of grassland hajannya bulk up to 100 cm / year.
2. Rainfall is relatively low down in an irregular manner.
3. Irregular rainfall causes porosity and good drainage so the plants difficult to fetch water.
Biotic environment:
- Flora: a plant that is able to adapt to areas with
porosity and poor drainage is grass, although there are other plants that live besides grass, but because they
is the dominant vegetation is called meadow. Name pasture diverse as the Russian steppes in the South,
puzta in Hungary, the North American prairie and pampa in Argentina.
- Fauna: bison and wild horses (mustangs) in America, elephants and giraffes in Africa, sheep and kangaroos diAustralia.
Carnivores: lions, wolves, wild dogs, cheetahs.
3. Biomes Sabana
Savanna Biome is a meadow with trees interspersed by a mob. Based on the types of plants are arranged, savannas can be divided into two, namely pristine savannah and savannah mix.
- Sabana pure: the trees that constitute only consists
on one plant species only.
- Sabana mix: if the constituent trees consist of
a mixture of different kinds of trees.
4. Tropical Forest Biomes
Tropical forest biome is a biome that has a diversity of plants and animals are the highest. Includes the Amazon basin-Orinaco, Central America, large parts of Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea, and the Congo basin in Africa.
Characteristics:
1. Hajannya bulk high, evenly distributed throughout the year, which is between 200-225 cm / year.
2. The sun shines all year round.
3. From month to month one another relatively small change in temperature.
4. Under the tree canopy or hood, dark all day, so there is no change in temperature between day and night.
- Flora: at biorna tropical forests there are hundreds of species
plant. The main trees can reach a height of 20-40 m, with leafy branches to form a
hood or canopy.
Plants typically encountered are lianas and epiphytes. Liana is
plants that spread on the surface of the forest, for example: rattan. Epiphytic
plant is attached to the trunks of trees, and
not harm the tree, for example: Orchid, nail Nest
Birds.
- Fauna: in the hood enough sunlight during the day
live animals that are diurnal animals are active during the day, in the area under the canopy of live animals and the base-
nokfurnal animals are animals that are active at night
day, for example: owls, wild boar, jungle cat, leopard.
5. Winter Forest
In the tropics, there is also a tropical forest than the forest.
Plant traits that make up the forest formations:
Trees resistant to drought and tropofit including plants, it means being able to adapt to the dry and wet conditions during the dry season (dry), the leaves wither, whereas during the rainy season, heavy leaves. Forests regular season are named according to the dominant plant, for example: teak forests, forest angsana. In Indonesia, the forest can be found in Central Java and East Java. Fauna which are found deer, wild boar, tiger.
6. Forest Moss
Moss forests are found on the slopes or mountain which lies at an altitude above the condensation of water vapor. Called moss forest as the dominant vegetation is moss plant. Moss is growing not only in permakean soil and rocks, but they also cover the trunks of woody trees. So in forest moss, moss that grows not only alone, but many forest trees covered with moss. Throughout the day almost always rains because of high humidity and low temperatures cause moisture constantly.
7. Deciduous Forest Biomes (deciduous Forest)
Characteristic of deciduous forest biome is the plant during the winter, the leaves wither. Biomes can be found in the United States, Western Europe, East Asia and Chile.
Characteristics:
- Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, 75-100 cm / year.
- Having 4 seasons: summer, winter, autumn and
spring
- Diversity of plant species is lower than forest biome
tropics.
Summer deciduous forest biome, solar radiation energy received is high, as well as precipitation (rainfall) and humidity. This condition causes the tall trees grew well, but the light is still able to penetrate to the bottom, because it is not so dense foliage growth. Existing customers in this area are insects, birds, squirrels, and raccoons are animals countrymen mongoose / weasel.
On the eve of the winter, solar radiation began to decrease, subu began to fall. Plants began difficult to get water to the leaves turn red, brown eventually fall, so it is called the fall season.
In the winter, bare plants and fotosentesis activities. Some animals do hibernation (sleep in the winter). Towards the summer, temperatures rise, the snow melts, the plant began leafy back (spring) so-called spring.
8. Biomes Taiga Forest / Forest Homogeneous
Biomes are mostly located in the area between the subtropical to polar regions, such as in Scandinavia, Russia, Siberia, Alaska, Canada.
The characteristics of taiga forest biome:
1. Temperature differences between summer and winter is high, the high temperature in summer, in winter the temperature is very low.
2. Plant growth occurs in the summer that lasts between 3 to 6 months.
3. Flora is a typical needle leaf trees / conifer trees, coniferous trees are examples of Pinus (pine). Diversity of plants in the taiga biome low, almost uniform vegetation, the dominant conifer trees because almost uniform, the forest is called homogeneous forest. Green vegetation all year round, even in winter with very low temperatures.
4. Fauna found in this area are black bears, take, wolves and birds migrating tropical stricken when winter arrives. Some animals such as squirrels and other small mammals and hibernating during the winter.
9. Forest Biomes Tundra
Biome is located in the North Pole so the climate is polar climate. The term tundra means treeless terrain, vegetation dominated by mosses and lichens, other vegetation is grass and a few small flowering plants.
Characteristics:
1. Got a little energy solar radiation, very long winter can last for 9 months with a dark atmosphere.
2. Summer lasted 3 months, the time that the vegetation growth.
3. Fauna typical of the tundra biome is "Muskoxem" (bison disgorge thick) and Reindeer / Caribou (reindeer).
10. Mangrove / Mangrove
Mangrove forest / mangroves are found along the coast of the ramps in the tropics and subtropics. The dominant plants are mangroves (Rhizophora sp), so the name was mangroves, besides mangrove trees were also found Wood Fire (Avicennia) and punch a tree (Bruguiera).
Characteristics:
1. Water and soil salinity is high.
2. Tanahaya O2 levels and low water.
3. At high tide, flooding the environment, at low tide and herlumpur muddy environment.
In conditions of high salinity, causing difficulty absorbing water mangroves although much water environment, the situation is known as physiological drought. To adapt to the environment mangroves have leaves that are thick and stiff, covered with cuticle so as to prevent the evaporation is too big.
To adapt to low O2 levels, mangrove roots absorb O2 breathing function directly from the air. So that a new individual is not swept away by the water currents due to tides and tidal mangrove especially we see a phenomenon known as VIVIPARI which means seed germination while seeds are still present in the fruit, not the date of the parent tree, which sometimes can form roots times can reach 1 meter in length.
If the seeds have germinated was separated from the parent tree with long roots can be dug deep enough in the mud, so it will not interfere with the flow of water occurs in the movement of ups and downs.
The mangrove forests in Indonesia, located along the east coast of Sumatra, Kalimantan and south west coast and along the coast of Guinea, on the island of Java, a rather extensive mangrove forest remaining around Segara Anakan near Cilacap which is Citanduy estuaries.
The types of animals that can be found within the mangrove forests are mainly animals, fish and reptiles (crocodiles, monitor lizards) and birds that nest in the mangrove trees.
1. Deserts and Desert Biomes Half
Desert and semi-desert biomes are found in North America, North Africa, Australia and West Asia.
Characteristics:
1. Rainfall is very low, + 25 cm / year
2. Faster rate of evaporation of water from precipitation
3. Humidity is very low
4. The temperature difference during haridenganmalamharisangattinggi (siangdapat reached 45 C, nights can drop to 0 C)
5. Very barren ground for not being able to save water
Biotic environment:
- Flora: plant is a plant that can grow
adapt to dry areas (plants serofit).
- Fauna: large animals that live in the desert are generally capable of
save water, such as camels, is for small animals
such as lizards, snakes, mice, ants, generally just active life in
morning, the sunlight they live in holes.
2. Grassland Biome
Grassland biome extends from the tropics to temperate regions, such as Hungary, South Russia, Central Asia, South America, Australia.
Characteristics:
1. Rainfall is between 25-50 cm / year, in some areas of grassland hajannya bulk up to 100 cm / year.
2. Rainfall is relatively low down in an irregular manner.
3. Irregular rainfall causes porosity and good drainage so the plants difficult to fetch water.
Biotic environment:
- Flora: a plant that is able to adapt to areas with
porosity and poor drainage is grass, although there are other plants that live besides grass, but because they
is the dominant vegetation is called meadow. Name pasture diverse as the Russian steppes in the South,
puzta in Hungary, the North American prairie and pampa in Argentina.
- Fauna: bison and wild horses (mustangs) in America, elephants and giraffes in Africa, sheep and kangaroos diAustralia.
Carnivores: lions, wolves, wild dogs, cheetahs.
3. Biomes Sabana
Savanna Biome is a meadow with trees interspersed by a mob. Based on the types of plants are arranged, savannas can be divided into two, namely pristine savannah and savannah mix.
- Sabana pure: the trees that constitute only consists
on one plant species only.
- Sabana mix: if the constituent trees consist of
a mixture of different kinds of trees.
4. Tropical Forest Biomes
Tropical forest biome is a biome that has a diversity of plants and animals are the highest. Includes the Amazon basin-Orinaco, Central America, large parts of Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea, and the Congo basin in Africa.
Characteristics:
1. Hajannya bulk high, evenly distributed throughout the year, which is between 200-225 cm / year.
2. The sun shines all year round.
3. From month to month one another relatively small change in temperature.
4. Under the tree canopy or hood, dark all day, so there is no change in temperature between day and night.
- Flora: at biorna tropical forests there are hundreds of species
plant. The main trees can reach a height of 20-40 m, with leafy branches to form a
hood or canopy.
Plants typically encountered are lianas and epiphytes. Liana is
plants that spread on the surface of the forest, for example: rattan. Epiphytic
plant is attached to the trunks of trees, and
not harm the tree, for example: Orchid, nail Nest
Birds.
- Fauna: in the hood enough sunlight during the day
live animals that are diurnal animals are active during the day, in the area under the canopy of live animals and the base-
nokfurnal animals are animals that are active at night
day, for example: owls, wild boar, jungle cat, leopard.
5. Winter Forest
In the tropics, there is also a tropical forest than the forest.
Plant traits that make up the forest formations:
Trees resistant to drought and tropofit including plants, it means being able to adapt to the dry and wet conditions during the dry season (dry), the leaves wither, whereas during the rainy season, heavy leaves. Forests regular season are named according to the dominant plant, for example: teak forests, forest angsana. In Indonesia, the forest can be found in Central Java and East Java. Fauna which are found deer, wild boar, tiger.
6. Forest Moss
Moss forests are found on the slopes or mountain which lies at an altitude above the condensation of water vapor. Called moss forest as the dominant vegetation is moss plant. Moss is growing not only in permakean soil and rocks, but they also cover the trunks of woody trees. So in forest moss, moss that grows not only alone, but many forest trees covered with moss. Throughout the day almost always rains because of high humidity and low temperatures cause moisture constantly.
7. Deciduous Forest Biomes (deciduous Forest)
Characteristic of deciduous forest biome is the plant during the winter, the leaves wither. Biomes can be found in the United States, Western Europe, East Asia and Chile.
Characteristics:
- Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, 75-100 cm / year.
- Having 4 seasons: summer, winter, autumn and
spring
- Diversity of plant species is lower than forest biome
tropics.
Summer deciduous forest biome, solar radiation energy received is high, as well as precipitation (rainfall) and humidity. This condition causes the tall trees grew well, but the light is still able to penetrate to the bottom, because it is not so dense foliage growth. Existing customers in this area are insects, birds, squirrels, and raccoons are animals countrymen mongoose / weasel.
On the eve of the winter, solar radiation began to decrease, subu began to fall. Plants began difficult to get water to the leaves turn red, brown eventually fall, so it is called the fall season.
In the winter, bare plants and fotosentesis activities. Some animals do hibernation (sleep in the winter). Towards the summer, temperatures rise, the snow melts, the plant began leafy back (spring) so-called spring.
8. Biomes Taiga Forest / Forest Homogeneous
Biomes are mostly located in the area between the subtropical to polar regions, such as in Scandinavia, Russia, Siberia, Alaska, Canada.
The characteristics of taiga forest biome:
1. Temperature differences between summer and winter is high, the high temperature in summer, in winter the temperature is very low.
2. Plant growth occurs in the summer that lasts between 3 to 6 months.
3. Flora is a typical needle leaf trees / conifer trees, coniferous trees are examples of Pinus (pine). Diversity of plants in the taiga biome low, almost uniform vegetation, the dominant conifer trees because almost uniform, the forest is called homogeneous forest. Green vegetation all year round, even in winter with very low temperatures.
4. Fauna found in this area are black bears, take, wolves and birds migrating tropical stricken when winter arrives. Some animals such as squirrels and other small mammals and hibernating during the winter.
9. Forest Biomes Tundra
Biome is located in the North Pole so the climate is polar climate. The term tundra means treeless terrain, vegetation dominated by mosses and lichens, other vegetation is grass and a few small flowering plants.
Characteristics:
1. Got a little energy solar radiation, very long winter can last for 9 months with a dark atmosphere.
2. Summer lasted 3 months, the time that the vegetation growth.
3. Fauna typical of the tundra biome is "Muskoxem" (bison disgorge thick) and Reindeer / Caribou (reindeer).
10. Mangrove / Mangrove
Mangrove forest / mangroves are found along the coast of the ramps in the tropics and subtropics. The dominant plants are mangroves (Rhizophora sp), so the name was mangroves, besides mangrove trees were also found Wood Fire (Avicennia) and punch a tree (Bruguiera).
Characteristics:
1. Water and soil salinity is high.
2. Tanahaya O2 levels and low water.
3. At high tide, flooding the environment, at low tide and herlumpur muddy environment.
In conditions of high salinity, causing difficulty absorbing water mangroves although much water environment, the situation is known as physiological drought. To adapt to the environment mangroves have leaves that are thick and stiff, covered with cuticle so as to prevent the evaporation is too big.
To adapt to low O2 levels, mangrove roots absorb O2 breathing function directly from the air. So that a new individual is not swept away by the water currents due to tides and tidal mangrove especially we see a phenomenon known as VIVIPARI which means seed germination while seeds are still present in the fruit, not the date of the parent tree, which sometimes can form roots times can reach 1 meter in length.
If the seeds have germinated was separated from the parent tree with long roots can be dug deep enough in the mud, so it will not interfere with the flow of water occurs in the movement of ups and downs.
The mangrove forests in Indonesia, located along the east coast of Sumatra, Kalimantan and south west coast and along the coast of Guinea, on the island of Java, a rather extensive mangrove forest remaining around Segara Anakan near Cilacap which is Citanduy estuaries.
The types of animals that can be found within the mangrove forests are mainly animals, fish and reptiles (crocodiles, monitor lizards) and birds that nest in the mangrove trees.
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