Biogeographic Regions and Distribution of Organisms

Biogeography is the study of the field and tried to explain the distribution of organisms on the Earth's surface. In this world known six biogeographic regions with each region having specific differences and uniformity (unique) in groups. 

Biogeographic regions is called Australia, Oriental, Ethiopia, Neotropika, Paleartik and Neartik. Because Paleartik fauna and Neartik were similar, then both biogeographic regions are sometimes combined into Holartik.

Biogeographic regions of the world with some of the typical organisms 
1.Australia 
Australian New Guinea, New Zealand, and islands in the Pacific Ocean.For example: All the monotremes, Marsupial (not placental mammals / pouched mammals), Rodentia, Bats, birds Kaswari, Cenderawasih birds, types of parrots, fish lungs Australian and Kiwi bird. 

2. Oriental 
Southern Asia region of the Himalayas, India, Sri Lanka, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Kalirnantan, Sulawesi, and the Philippines.For example: Siamang, orangutan, elephant, rhino, bird peacock. 

3.EthiopiaAfrica, Magaskar and islands around AfricaFor example: African Elephant, Gorilla, Chimpanzee, African Rhino, Lion, Hippo, Zebra, Giraffe, Camel Bird. 

4.Neotropik 
South and Central America, Mexico and the West Indies.For example: Armadillo, Vampire bats, birds, hummingbirds. 

5.Neartik 
North America from the highlands of Mexico to the Arctic and Greenland.For example: Mountain Goats, Karibon, water rats (Beaves). 

6.Paleartik
Eurasia south to the Himalayas, Afghanistan, Iran and Africa north of the Sahara desert.For example: Porcupine, Wild boar and small deer.


Historical biogeography 
Emphasizing mainly on the history of evolution (growth) of groups of organisms. Where did they come from? How do they spread? How distribution in the present can tell us about the history of the past? 

Ecological biogeography 
Focusing on the interaction of the organism at the moment with the physical environment and interaction with each other and to understand how these relationships affect which species and a greater taxon was found in the present. 

Climate and Biogeography
Climate is the main factor that determines the type of soil and plant species that grow in the area. Instead of plant species to determine the type of animals and micro-organisms that will inhabit the area. Basically climate depends on the sun. Sun was responsible not only for the intensity of light available animal lays the photosynthesis process, but also for the general temperature. 

Other climate components that determine what organisms can live in an area is moisture, humidity is also dependent on sunlight and temperature. Much rain is needed to support the growth of large trees, while less rainfall helps communities dominated by short trees, shrubs, grasses and finally cactus or other desert plants. 

The higher rainfall and temperature hajan in an area (of land) the more and the greater the number tumbahan it supports. Thus the climate is one major factor formation regions biography.  



The spread of organisms on Earth 
Distribution of organisms are influenced by history, past climate and the composition or shape of the continents and the ecological relationships of the past and present, as well as all interactions with each other. Because of the complexity of this relationship, the biogeography experts have tended to focus on one of the two major approaches to the art.